EE-361 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

Ozan Keysan

http://keysan.me

Office: C-113 • Tel: 210 7586

1 / 43

About the Course

Section-1

- Tuesday: 9:40-11:30 EA-206

- Thursday: 9:40-10:30 EA-206

Office Hours: By appointment (just send an email)

Please check my weekly schedule

2 / 43

About the Course

Announcements, Assignments: ODTUClass

Presentations: keysan.me/ee361

3 / 43

Grading:- Midterm-I: 15%- Midterm-II: 15%- Final: 30%- Laboratory: 20%- Homeworks: 15%- Attendance: 5% (or in class quizzes)4 / 43

Course CoordinatorDr. Ozan KeysanOffice: C-113Email: keysan@metu.edu.trTel: (0312) 210 75 865 / 43

Coordinator AssistantYusuf Basri YılmazOffice: C-106Email: ybyilmaz@metu.edu.tr6 / 43

Textbooks:

-Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, P.C. Sen

- Electric Machinery, Fitzgerald, Kingsley and Umans, McGraw-Hill, 7th ed. 2013.

Supplementary:

- Electric Machinery & Transformers, Guru and Hızıroğlu, Saunders College Publishing, 3rd ed. 2001.

7 / 43

Course Outline:8 / 43

Course Outline:

     Weeks: 
    Subject
  
    1
    Introduction
  
    2-3
    AC Electric Circuits
  
    4-6
    Magnetic Circuits
  
    7-8
    Transformers
  
    9-12
    Electromechanical Energy Conversion
  
    13-14
    Introduction to Power Electronics
  
8 / 43

Scope of EE361 (and 362)Electromechanical Energy Conversion(EMEC):Electrical Energy to Mechanical Energy (i.e. Motors)
Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy (i.e. Generators)
+ Transformers (Not a EMEC device)
Introduction to Power Electronics (Static Energy Conversion)
9 / 43

Electric Motors10 / 43

Electric MotorsHow many electric motors are there in the classroom?10 / 43

Electric MotorsHow many electric motors are there in the classroom?Each one of you carry at least one of these:10 / 43

Electric Motors

How many electric motors are there in the classroom?

Each one of you carry at least one of these:

10 / 43

Electric Machines

But they can also be big:

Drawing

Siemens Ship Propulsion Motors (Induction Motor)

11 / 43

Very Big

Drawing Drawing

Enercon 7.5 MW, Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Generator (Synchronous Motor)

12 / 43

Very Very Big: 700 MW Synchronous Generator

13 / 43

Very Very Big: 700 MW Synchronous Generator

Drawing

Itaipu Dam, Brasil: 16 m diameter, 91 rpm, Rotor Mass: 2650 t

13 / 43

Electric System of Turkey14 / 43

Electric System of TurkeyCapacity: 114 GW  (14th in the World)14 / 43

Electric System of TurkeyCapacity: 114 GW  (14th in the World)Max. Consumption: 55 GW (~27 million kettles)14 / 43

Electric System of TurkeyCapacity: 114 GW  (14th in the World)Max. Consumption: 55 GW (~27 million kettles)Annual Energy Generation: 326 TWh(30% domestic, 70% industrial)14 / 43

Electric System of TurkeyCapacity: 114 GW  (14th in the World)Max. Consumption: 55 GW (~27 million kettles)Annual Energy Generation: 326 TWh(30% domestic, 70% industrial)Per Capita Consumption: 3800 kWh/year14 / 43

Per Capita Consumption: 3800 kWh/year

Comparison of a few countries, and their stories

15 / 43

Per Capita Consumption: 3800 kWh/year

Comparison of a few countries, and their stories

15 / 43

Difference between Power and Energy?16 / 43

Difference between Power and Energy?The unit of Energy is Joules (= Watt.Seconds).w=∫P(t)dt=∫V(t)I(t)dtCommon unit for electrical energy:kilo-watt hours (kWh).16 / 43

Cost of Energy17 / 43

Cost of Energy

Drawing

How much does it cost to run a kettle for 1 min?

17 / 43

Cost of Energy

Drawing

How much does it cost to run a kettle for 1 min?

Example: My Electricity bills: 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024

17 / 43

Electricity vs Human Force

A healthy human can produce about 1.2 hp briefly and sustain about 0.1 hp (74.5W) indefinitely; trained athletes can sustain 0.35 hp (260 W). The Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt produced a maximum of 3.5 hp (2.6 kW) 0.89 seconds into his 9.58 second 100-meter dash world record in 2009.

18 / 43

How much energy in a lunch?19 / 43

How much energy in a lunch?

Drawing

19 / 43

How much energy in a lunch?

Drawing

It is approximately equal to 850 kCal

19 / 43

How much energy in a lunch?

Drawing

It is approximately equal to 850 kCal

≈ 3.600.000 Joules = 1 kWh

19 / 43

Both of them stores 1 kWh of energy

Drawing Drawing

20 / 43

Electricity vs Human ForceEnergy used in a kettle for 1 min = How many kilograms of weight?21 / 43

Electricity vs Human ForceEnergy used in a kettle for 1 min = How many kilograms of weight?21 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey, for 2023)22 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey, for 2023)

Hydro: 20%

Drawing

Deriner Barajı, Mega Structures

22 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey)

Coal: 36%

Drawing

23 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey)

Coal: 36%

Drawing

Kemerköy Termik Santrali

23 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey)

Natural Gas: 22%

Drawing

24 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey)

Wind: 10%

Realtime wind energy

Drawing

25 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey)

Solar: 6%

Drawing

Konya Karapınar Kalyon Güneş Santrali, 1350 MW

26 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey)

Solar: 6%

Drawing

Solar Energy Potential of Turkey

27 / 43

Drawing

Solar Energy Potential of Europe

28 / 43

Sources of Energy (Turkey)

Real Time Production

Whole-Sale Energy Price

29 / 43

How to Transmit Electricity?

Drawing

Reading: How New York City Gets Its Electricity

30 / 43

How to Transmit Electricity?

Simple Electric System

Drawing

31 / 43

Drawing

Detailed Map

32 / 43

Power Transformers

Drawing

A three-phase 250 MVA, 330 kV kV power transformer, 24 tonnes, made by Astor in Ankara, installed in Lithuania.

33 / 43

Why do we need transformers?34 / 43

Why do we need transformers?

Drawing

New York in 1877

34 / 43

Drawing

35 / 43

Drawing

War of Currents

AC/DC Music Band

35 / 43

Drawing

36 / 43

Direct-Current Grid37 / 43

Direct-Current Grid- Transformers don't work with DC37 / 43

Direct-Current Grid- Transformers don't work with DC- The magnitude of voltage could not be increased or reduced (without power electronic circuits, which they don't have at that time).37 / 43

Direct-Current Grid- Transformers don't work with DC- The magnitude of voltage could not be increased or reduced (without power electronic circuits, which they don't have at that time).- Low-voltage transmission is inefficient37 / 43

Direct-Current Grid

- Transformers don't work with DC

- The magnitude of voltage could not be increased or reduced (without power electronic circuits, which they don't have at that time).

- Low-voltage transmission is inefficient

For curious students:

- Edison's Revenge: Will Direct Current Make a Comeback?

- 60 years of HVDC

37 / 43

Alternating-Current Grid38 / 43

Alternating-Current Grid- Transformers can be used to step-up voltage38 / 43

Alternating-Current Grid- Transformers can be used to step-up voltage- Thinner/Cheaper transmission cables38 / 43

Alternating-Current Grid- Transformers can be used to step-up voltage- Thinner/Cheaper transmission cables- Energy can be transferred to long distances38 / 43

Alternating-Current Grid- Transformers can be used to step-up voltage- Thinner/Cheaper transmission cables- Energy can be transferred to long distances- More Efficient (Including the extra power loss of the transformer)38 / 43

Drawing

Detailed Map

39 / 43

Centralized Grid Control

Drawing

TEIAS Grid Control Room-1, TEIAS Grid Control Room-2, National Grid UK

40 / 43

Today's Electric Grid41 / 43

Today's Electric Grid

Drawing

41 / 43

Tomorrow's Electric Grid42 / 43

Tomorrow's Electric Grid

Drawing

Blockchain in Decentralizing Smart Grids

How AI is transforming the Smart Grid

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Any Questions?

You can access this presentation from: keysan.me/ee361

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Weeks:	Subject
1	Introduction
2-3	AC Electric Circuits
4-6	Magnetic Circuits
7-8	Transformers
9-12	Electromechanical Energy Conversion
13-14	Introduction to Power Electronics

EE-361 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

Ozan Keysan

About the Course

Section-1

- Tuesday: 9:40-11:30 EA-206

- Thursday: 9:40-10:30 EA-206

Office Hours: By appointment (just send an email)

Please check my weekly schedule

About the Course

Announcements, Assignments: ODTUClass

Presentations: keysan.me/ee361

Grading:

- Midterm-I: 15%

- Midterm-II: 15%

- Final: 30%

- Laboratory: 20%

- Homeworks: 15%

- Attendance: 5% (or in class quizzes)

Course Coordinator

Dr. Ozan Keysan

Office: C-113

Email: keysan@metu.edu.tr

Tel: (0312) 210 75 86

Coordinator Assistant

Yusuf Basri Yılmaz

Office: C-106

Email: ybyilmaz@metu.edu.tr

Textbooks:

-Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, P.C. Sen

- Electric Machinery, Fitzgerald, Kingsley and Umans, McGraw-Hill, 7th ed. 2013.

Supplementary:

- Electric Machinery & Transformers, Guru and Hızıroğlu, Saunders College Publishing, 3rd ed. 2001.

Course Outline:

Course Outline:

Weeks: Subject 1 Introduction 2-3 AC Electric Circuits 4-6 Magnetic Circuits 7-8 Transformers 9-12 Electromechanical Energy Conversion 13-14 Introduction to Power Electronics

Scope of EE361 (and 362)

Electromechanical Energy Conversion(EMEC):

Electrical Energy to Mechanical Energy (i.e. Motors)

Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy (i.e. Generators)

+ Transformers (Not a EMEC device)

Introduction to Power Electronics (Static Energy Conversion)

Electric Motors

Electric Motors

How many electric motors are there in the classroom?

Electric Motors

How many electric motors are there in the classroom?

Each one of you carry at least one of these:

Electric Motors

How many electric motors are there in the classroom?

Each one of you carry at least one of these:

Electric Machines

But they can also be big:

Very Big

Very Very Big: 700 MW Synchronous Generator

Very Very Big: 700 MW Synchronous Generator

Itaipu Dam, Brasil: 16 m diameter, 91 rpm, Rotor Mass: 2650 t

Electric System of Turkey

Electric System of Turkey

Capacity: 114 GW (14th in the World)

Electric System of Turkey

Capacity: 114 GW (14th in the World)

Max. Consumption: 55 GW (~27 million kettles)

Electric System of Turkey

Capacity: 114 GW (14th in the World)

Max. Consumption: 55 GW (~27 million kettles)

Annual Energy Generation: 326 TWh

(30% domestic, 70% industrial)

Electric System of Turkey

Capacity: 114 GW (14th in the World)

Max. Consumption: 55 GW (~27 million kettles)

Annual Energy Generation: 326 TWh

(30% domestic, 70% industrial)

Per Capita Consumption: 3800 kWh/year

Per Capita Consumption: 3800 kWh/year

Per Capita Consumption: 3800 kWh/year

Difference between Power and Energy?

Difference between Power and Energy?

The unit of Energy is Joules (= Watt.Seconds).

w=∫P(t)dt=∫V(t)I(t)dtw=\int P(t) dt = \int V(t) I(t) dt

Common unit for electrical energy:

Weeks: Subject

1 Introduction

2-3 AC Electric Circuits

4-6 Magnetic Circuits

7-8 Transformers

9-12 Electromechanical Energy Conversion

13-14 Introduction to Power Electronics

$w=\int P(t) dt = \int V(t) I(t) dt$