EE361-Electromechanical Energy Conversion

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# EE-361
# Introduction to Power Electronics

## Ozan Keysan

[keysan.me](http://keysan.me)

Office: C-113 <span class="meta">•</span> Tel: 210 7586

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# How to Transmit Electricity?

Reading: [How New York City Gets Its Electricity](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/02/10/nyregion/how-new-york-city-gets-its-electricity-power-grid.html)

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# How to Transmit Electricity?

## Simple Electric System

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<img src="https://static.birgun.net/resim/haber-detay-resim/2020/10/07/efsane-hard-rock-grubu-ac-dc-shot-in-the-dark-ile-geri-dondu-789626-5.jpg" alt="Drawing" style="width: 700px;"/>

####For curious students:

#### [War of Currents](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Currents), [Edison's Revenge: Will Direct Current Make a Comeback?](http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/edisons-revenge-will-direct-current-make-a-comeback-in-us/), [60 years of HVDC](https://library.e.abb.com/public/aff841e25d8986b5c1257d380045703f/140818%20ABB%20SR%2060%20years%20of%20HVDC_72dpi.pdf), [Slow Electricity: The Return of DC Power?](https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/2016/04/slow-electricity-the-return-of-dc-power/)

#### [AC/DC Music Band](https://youtu.be/44XYEeD1A1U?t=111)

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### But now we have the power semiconductors:

- #### Diodes
- #### MOSFETs
- #### IGBTs
- #### SiC, GaN Transistors etc.

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### Frequency vs Power Ratings of Power Semiconductors

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### Typical Power Transistors

#### From tiny MOSFET packages to several kA IGBT Modules

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## Fundamental Block Diagram of Power Converters

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# Different Source Voltage Characteristics
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## - DC (At various voltages)
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## - Single Phase AC (Commonly 110-240V 50/60 Hz)
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## - Three Phase AC

## ...
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# Different Requirements at the Output
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## - DC (Regulated, constant magnitude)
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## - Adjustable DC
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## - AC (Constant frequency, variable magnitude)
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## - AC (Variable frequency and magnitude)

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# Control is almost always needed
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#### For voltage regulation, overload protection, power quality, grid synchronization etc.

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# Basic Building Blocks
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## - AC/DC Converters (Rectifiers)
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## - DC/AC Converters (Inverters)
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## - DC/DC Converters (e.g. SMPS)
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## - AC/AC Converter (e.g. Cycloconverter)

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#Grid Connected PV System

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# V-I Characteristics of a Photo-voltaic Cell

### PV cell should be continuously operated at the maximum power point (MPP) for highest energy output.
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#Grid Connected PV System

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#Wind Turbine

### AC output of the wind turbine generator cannot be directly connected to the grid, as its voltage and frequency changes with wind speed.

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#Wind Turbine

## Back-to-back Converter ( AC/DC + DC/AC)

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#Wind Turbine

## Back-to-back Converter ( AC/DC + DC/AC)

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# Power Electronics in a Laptop

### Can you plot the main power blocks?

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# Main Blocks (and other PE components)

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# Inside a Laptop Charger

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# Inside a Laptop Charger

#### Think twice when you are buying the cheapest product

[Original vs. Cheap Laptop Charger](http://www.righto.com/2015/11/macbook-charger-teardown-surprising.html)
[Original vs. Cheap Phone Charger](http://www.righto.com/2012/05/apple-iphone-charger-teardown-quality.html)

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#Power Electronics in an Electric Car

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#Power Electronics in an Electric Car

- #### Battery Charge Controllers (DC/DC)
- #### Motor Inverter (DC/AC, variable voltage and frequency)
- #### AC Chargers (AC/DC Rectifier)

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#Power Electronics in an Electric Car

- #### Battery Charge Controllers (DC/DC)
- #### Motor Inverter (DC/AC, variable voltage and frequency)
- #### AC Chargers (AC/DC Rectifier)

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# HVDC Transmission Line

## [ABB 3000 MW, 1100kV HVDC](https://www.windpowerengineering.com/abb-writes-another-chapter-high-voltage-direct-current-textbook/) Transmission Line

<img src="https://resources.news.e.abb.com/images/2018/12/19/0/15bc51c1f25ed103c1257f7700312f94_d06bdf13-eb90-4139-9849-65d55b4ee773_2016_03_10_press_release_image_HVDC_light_valve_hall.jpg" alt="Drawing" style="width: 600px;"/>
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# HVDC Transmission Line

## [ABB 3000 MW, 1100kV HVDC](https://www.windpowerengineering.com/abb-writes-another-chapter-high-voltage-direct-current-textbook/) Transmission Line

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#Summary

### Every AC or DC output can be obtained with the following blocks:
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## - AC/DC Converters (Rectifiers)

## - DC/AC Converters (Inverters)

## - DC/DC Converters (e.g. SMPS)

## - AC/AC Converter (e.g. Cycloconverter)

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### Electric Grid of the F̶u̶t̶u̶r̶e̶!  Present

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## You can download this presentation from: [keysan.me/ee361](http://keysan.me/ee361)